Tet-1& Tet-2 Exam Material વિભાગ -૧ ભારતીય કલા - ચિત્રકલા અને સંગીત કલા.
The term art (English: art) is so broad that the definitions made by different scholars remain only touching a special party. The meaning of art has not yet been fixed, but thousands of definitions have been made. According to the Indian tradition, art refers to all activities in which skill is expected. European scholars also considered skill important in art.
History.
Perhaps the earliest use of the word art is found in Bharata's " Natyasastra ". Later sages like Vatsyayana and Ushanas described the art in their treatises " Kamasutra " and "Shukraniti" respectively.
Tet-1& Tet-2 Exam Material વિભાગ -૧ ભારતીય કલા - ચિત્રકલા અને સંગીત કલા.મટેરીઅલ ડાઉનલોડ કરવા માટે નીચે આપેલી link પર ક્લિક કરો.
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"Kamasutra", "Shukraniti", Jain scriptures "Prabhandkosha", "Kalavilas", "Lalitvistar" etc. are found in all Indian texts describing art. The number of arts is believed to be 64 in most texts. A list of 72 arts is found in "Prabhandkosh" etc. 86 arts are mentioned in "Lalitvistar". The famous Kashmiri Pandit Kshemendra has described the largest number of arts in his treatise "Kalavilas". In it there are 64 Janopayogi, 32 Dharma, Artha, Kama, Moksha, Samhain, 32 Matsarya-Sheel-Prabhamana, 64 Swachkarita, 64 Prostitutes, 10 Bheshaja, 16 Kayastha and 100 Sar Kalas. The most authentic list is given in "Kamasutra".
Even in European literature, the use of the word art is seen to refer only to physical or mental skills. There further it is believed that nature and work of art are different. Art means to create i.e. creation is artificial. Natural creation and art are two different things. Art is in the work that human beings do. Art and science are also kept apart. In science knowledge is preferred, in art skillful human work is given the name of art. Works done without skill or with bad manners are not given place in art.
According to Kamasutra
According to "Kamasutra" the 64 arts are as follows:
(1) Singing, (2) Vadan, (3) Dance, (4) Drama, (5) Alekhya (painting and writing), (6) Vishrak (lettering on mukhadi), (7) Chokma Rang Poorni, Alpana, ( 8) Flower arrangement, (9) Angaragadilepan, (10) Pachchikari, (11) Shayan Rachna, (12) Jaltarga Vadan (Udak Vady), (13) Jalakrida, Jalaghat, (14) Shrungar (Makeup), (15) Mala Knitting, (16) Necklace making, (17) Disguise making, (18) Earring making, (19) Perfume making, (20) Adornment, (21) Enchantment, Enchantment, (22) Making the beautiful beautiful, (23) ) Cleaning of hands (hastlaghav), (24) Culinary work, Culinary art, (25) Apanak (making sherbet), (26) Suchikarma, sewing, (27) Kalabat, (28) Solving puzzles, (29) Intyakshari, ( 30) Buzauval, (31) Book-reading, (32) Poetry-reviewing, dramatist-viewing, (33) Poetry-problem-solving, (34) Braiding, (35) Suttar-making, Turk karma, (36) Kandoi work , (37) Vastukala, (38) Ratnapariksha, (39) Metallurgy, (40) Coloration of gems,(41) Akar knowledge, (42) Gardening, Upavanvinod, (43) Medha, bird fighting etc., (44) Teaching birds to speak, (45) Massage, (46) Kesh-Marjan-Kaushal, (47) Secret-Language - Knowledge, (48) Knowledge of Foreign Arts, (49) Knowledge of Native Languages, (50) Divination, (51) Kathaputli Dance, (52) Kathaputli Plays, (53) Sunkar Dohra Dena, (54) Ashukavya Kriya, (55) Change of price and speech (56) Chal kapat, Chalika yoga, Chalika dance, (57) Abhidhan, Koshjnana, (58) Mahoru making (Vastragopan), (59) Dyutvidya, (60) Rassakashi, attractive sports, (61) Balakrida Karma, (62) Etiquette, (63) Charm and (64) Exercise.(55) Change of price and speech (56) Chal kapat, Chalika yoga, Chalika dance, (57) Abhidhan, Koshjnana, (58) Mahoru making (Vastragopan), (59) Dyutvidya, (60) Rassakashi, attractive sports, (61) Balakrida Karma, (62) Etiquette, (63) Charm and (64) Exercise.(55) Change of price and speech (56) Chal kapat, Chalika yoga, Chalika dance, (57) Abhidhan, Koshjnana, (58) Making a seal (Vastragopan), (59) Dyutvidya, (60) Rassakashi, attractive sports, (61) Balakrida Karma, (62) Etiquette, (63) Charm and (64) Exercise.
ભારતીય કલા - ચિત્રકલા અને સંગીત કલા.વીડિયો જોવા માટે નીચે આપેલી link પર ક્લિક કરો.👇
According to Shukraniti.
The number of arts according to "Shukraniti" is innumerable, yet 64 arts that are very popular in the society are found mentioned in this niti. According to "Shukraniti" these 64 arts are enumerated as follows:
(1) Dancing, (2) Musical Instruments, (3) Dressing, (4) Transfiguration, (5) Decoration of Beds, (6) Dyutta Krida, (7) Sasan Ratijnana, (8) Preparation and Flavoring of Liquor. Art, (9) Surgery, (10) Cultivation, (11) Gardening, (12) Art of making ash from stone, metal, etc., (13) Confectionery, (14) Metallurgy, (15) Analysis of mixed metals, ( 16) Metallurgy, (17) Salt making, (18) Weapon handling, (19) Wrestling (Mallayuddha), (20) Targeting, (21) Strategy by musical cues, (22) Warfare by Gajadi, (23) Deity worship by various postures, (24) Chariotism, (25) Kinetic training of Gajadi, (26) Pottery making, (27) Art of painting, (28) Art of preparing land for construction of ponds, palaces, etc., (29) Playing of bells, (30) Painting, (31) ) Use of steam-Jalvatavagni Sanyoganirodhai: Kriya, (32) Knowledge of boats, chariots, (33) Knowledge of stringing for sacrifices, (34) Textile weaving, (35) Testing of gems,(36) Gold assaying, (37) Artifical metal making, (38) Ornamental art, (39) Tanning art, (40) Leather work, (41) Tanning art, (42) Various uses of milk, (43) Choli etc. Art of sewing, (44) Swimming, (45) Art of cooking, (46) Laundry (probably: art of washing as well as ironing), (47) Salt making, (48) Oil making, (49) Agriculture, (50) Plantation, (51) Service work, (52) Basket making, (53) Glassware making, (54) Farm irrigation, (55) Metal weapon making, (56) Jean, saddle or houda making, (57) Child rearing. , (58) Dandakarya, (59) Calligraphy, (60) Tambul Rakshan(61) Art knowledge, (62) Natkarma, (63) Art education, and (64) Sadhana action.(46) Vastraprakshalan (probably the art of washing as well as ironing), (47) Kharkarma, (48) Oil making, (49) Agriculture, (50) Plantation, (51) Service work, (52) Basket making, ( 53) Making of glass vessels, (54) Farm irrigation, (55) Art of making metal weapons, (56) Art of making jean, saddle or houda, (57) Child rearing, (58) Penal work, (59) Calligraphy, (60) Rope protection. , (61) Art knowledge, (62) Natkarma, (63) Art education, and (64) Sadhana action.
other.
Paraphrasing the "Kamasutra" written by sage Vatsyayana, Jayamangal mentions two types of arts. (1) Arts related to Kamasastra, (2) Tantra related arts. Both the different numbers add up to 64. There are 24 arts of kamashastra, which are related to asanas of kamakrida, 20 related to dyut, 16 related to kamasukh and 4 higher arts, making a total of 64 main arts. Additional simple arts are also featured.
It is evident that very few of these arts are associated with Lalit Kala or Fine Arts. Lalit Kala – meaning painting , sculpture etc. is different from it and related to aesthetics.
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