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intelligence test
Individuals differ from each other not only by physical qualities but also by mental and intellectual qualities. These differences are also congenital. Some people from birth are of sharp intellect and some are of slow intellect behavior.
Nowadays intelligence is measured in terms of IQ which is a numerical value. Intelligence test refers to those tests which indicate the relation of general intelligence of a person and various special abilities existing in him by means of only one number in the form of intelligence. Psychologists have made a lot of efforts to find out who is how intelligent a person is. To measure intelligence, psychologists have introduced mental age (MA) and physical age (CA) factors and on the basis of these the actual intelligence of the person is known.
History of intelligence measurement
In the nineteenth century, there was a lot of bad behavior towards children and people with retarded intelligence. They were kept in chains and beaten. People believed that evil spirits had entered them. To drive out these alleged evil spirits, children with low intelligence were beaten up. So the problem for retarded children was that no one knew about their intelligence till that time. FranceIn IQ, this problem of intellect or retarded children took a serious form, till then the attention of the government and psychologists there came to this problem. To solve this problem, the famous French psychologist Itord and after him Seguin used various methods to study and measure the abilities of retarded children. Under this study, he created some intelligence tests. For the treatment of retarded children, many schools were established where children with retarded intelligence were tested and they were provided with observation for their intelligence development. Such efforts were made by Germany , England and America .Happened in But the credit of developing work in the field of correct measurement of intelligence test goes to France itself. In France, a committee was formed to give proper training to retarded children and to make proper arrangements for their education and its chairman was made by the famous psychologist Alfred Binet . The first were psychologists who tried to understand intelligence in a scientific and systematic way. He is considered to be the originator of the measurement field of intelligence. Binet made it clear that intelligence is not just a factor that we can measure by a particular test, but it is a complex process of various abilities that operate as a whole.
In 1905, Binet, with the help of Simon, created the first intelligence scale, that is, the intelligence test, which was named the Binnet-Simon intelligence test . This intelligence test measures the intelligence of children between the ages of three and sixteen. Thirty terms were used in this test in order of difficulty from ease. The level of intelligence of individuals can be ascertained by this test. With the help of this test, retarded children are divided into three groups-
Idiots
Imbeciles
Morons
In 1908, Bine substantially revised his IQ test and published the Revised IQ Test. There are 59 posts in this test. These terms are in different groups, which are related to children of different ages. In this test, the mental age factor was first understood.
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In 1911, Biney revised his 1908 IQ test again. When Bine's Bine-Simon IQ test went to different countries like Belgium, England, America, Italy, Germany in 1908, the interest of psychologists increased towards this test. Later on, this test was also criticized because this test was suitable for the lower age group, but it was not right for the upper age group. Therefore, to rectify this shortcoming, Bine made substantial improvements in his 1908 test. He also improved and revised his method of test function and in 1911 republished his revised Bine-Simon scale or test. He established the relation between the mental age of this test and the actual age of the child and on the basis of this he divided the children into three classes.
Regular Intelligent
Advanced Intelligent
Category of children with retarded intelligent.
According to Bine, the children who can solve the questions of higher age group than their age group, then they are said to be of superior intelligence and if the children can solve the questions of less age group than their age group then they are said to be retarded children. Huh.
In addition, in 1916, the American psychologist Terman published it without adapting the intelligence test to the conditions of his country. This test is called Stanford-Bine test . Since this test was modified by Professor Terman of Stanford University . On this basis this test was called ' Stanford-Bene test' . In 1937 Prof. M.M. In collaboration with Merrill, the 1916 Stanford Bine test was amended and added some arithmetic questions in it. The current revision of this test was published from Stanford University in 1960.
In addition, Bober Tyga published its German revision in 1913. In London , Burt (1922) amended it and published it under the name 'London Amendment'. Apart from this, Cepiot in Italy and UP Psychological Bureau in India published this test after adapting and modifying it according to their country.
In addition to modifications to the Bine-Simon intelligence test, several intelligence tests were also created, including individual intelligence tests and group intelligence tests, verbal and non-verbal intelligence tests.
Types of intelligence tests
Personal intelligence test
The Merrill Palmer Scale is an intelligence test consisting of 38 subtests. It is used on children aged between one and a half years to five and six years.
The Minnesota Pre-School Scale is also an important intelligence test. It is also used on children aged between one and a half years to five years.
Psychologist Good Enough proposed the test of 'Drawing a man'.
Reven created the 'Progressive Matrix' test in 1938.
In 1949, Veshwar developed the intelligence scale for children and adults.
These are all individual or individual tests and are used only once on the subject (person).
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